Intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers the non-canonical inflammasome pathway， resulting in pyroptosis of innate immune cells. In addition to its well-known proinflammatory role， LPS can directly cause regression of some tumors， although the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. Here we show that secretoglobin(SCGB)3A2， a small protein predominantly secreted in airways， chaperones LPS to the cytosol through the cell surface receptor syndecan-1; this leads to pyroptotic cell death driven by caspase-11. SCGB3A2 and LPS co-treatment significantly induced pyroptosis of macrophage RAW264.7 cells and decreased cancer cell proliferation in vitro， while SCGB3A2 treatment resulted in reduced progression of xenograft tumors in mice. These data suggest a conserved function for SCGB3A2 in the innate immune system and cancer cells. These findings demonstrate a critical role for SCGB3A2 as an LPS delivery vehicle; they reveal one mechanism whereby LPS enters innate immune cells leading to pyroptosis， and they clarify the direct effect of LPS on cancer cells.